Osmora Public Research Academy
Scientific Glossary
Definitions of the peptide-science and analytical-testing terms used across the Academy. Each entry is independently readable and links to the lessons where the term appears.
- Amino acid — The individual building blocks that link together to form peptides. Ea…
- Amino-acid sequence — The exact order of the building blocks in the chain — the thing that m…
- Analyte — The thing you're actually measuring in a test.…
- Assay — A test that measures how much of something is present, or whether it i…
- Batch — One production run of a material, tested as a unit.…
- — A systematic error that pushes a study's result away from the truth in…
- — Keeping people in a study unaware of who is in which group, to limit b…
- Certificate of Analysis (COA) — The results sheet for a specific batch — what was tested, by what meth…
- Chromatogram — The graph HPLC produces — a line with peaks, where each peak is a comp…
- — When a hidden third factor makes two things look related when the link…
- — The specific outcome a study sets out to measure.…
- — How far a study's results can be extended beyond the exact group and c…
- — Differences among the studies being combined that can complicate pooli…
- HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) — A method that separates the components of a mixture so each can be see…
- Identity — Evidence that the molecule is what it's supposed to be — a different q…
- In vitro — Research done in a controlled lab setting outside a living body, such …
- — Research done in a living organism rather than in isolated cells or te…
- LC-MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) — A combined method: first separate the mixture by chromatography, then …
- Lot — A specific production run, tagged with a number so its test results ca…
- Mass spectrometry — A method that weighs molecules very precisely, used to confirm a pepti…
- Mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) — The value a mass spectrometer actually measures — an ion's mass divide…
- — A statistical way of pooling results from several studies into a singl…
- Molecular mass — How much one molecule weighs. For a peptide, you can calculate it from…
- Peptide — A short chain of amino acids joined end to end. Longer chains that fol…
- Peptide bond — The specific chemical link that connects one amino acid to the next in…
- Potency — A measure of activity in a defined test — how much is needed to produc…
- Protein — A big peptide. Same chemistry, but long enough to fold into a stable w…
- — When studies with striking results get published more than those witho…
- Purity — How much of the sample is the intended substance versus related impuri…
- — Assigning participants to groups by chance so the groups start out com…
- Reference standard — A known, trusted sample used as a yardstick to check or calibrate a me…
- Reproducibility — Getting consistent results when a study or analysis is repeated.…
- Retention time — How long a particular component takes to travel through the column bef…
- Statistical significance — A measure of how unlikely a result is to be due to chance — not a meas…
- — A structured review that follows a defined method to gather and assess…
- Acceptance Criterion
- Batch Verification
- Bioburden
- Document Integrity
- Elemental Impurities
- Endotoxin
- ICP-MS
- LAL
- Moisture / Water Content
- PCR
- pH
- Residual Solvents
- SHA-256
- Specification
- Sterility
- TFA